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Human intelligence is correlated with variation in the protein neuroplastin-65, which is encoded by the NPTN gene. The authors examine the evolution of this gene across different animal species.

Investigating the green valley hypotheses of galaxy evolution

When granular materials are poured onto a surface, they form conical piles whose slopes increase before reaching a stable angle of repose. We found that this angle evolution follows a previously unrecognized two-phase exponential growth pattern that is conserved across granular materials with diverse particle properties. The parameters of this model correlate with particle friction and are influenced by deposition conditions, providing a quantitative framework for describing pile formation.

In this study, the authors studied the ability for bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance over successive generations and modeled the trajectory to predict how antibiotic resistance is developed.

Many species of trees are distributed widely around the world, though not always in a way that makes immediate sense. The authors here use genetic information to help explain the geographic distribution of various conifer species throughout the world.

The facial integument, or external skin tissues, were assessed on set of dinosaurs from the Allosauroidea clade to test whether dermal patterns served specific functions.

Natural selection shapes the evolution of all organisms, and one question of interest is whether natural selection will reach a "stopping point": a stable, ideal, value for any particular trait. Madhan and Kanagavel tackle this question by building a computer simulation of trait evolution in organisms.

Humans have a natural ability to recognize emotional cues from the facial expressions of others, as a crucial evolutionary trait to navigate social interactions. This ability likely develops through normal development and social experience, but it is unclear how much influence age and sex have in emotional facial recognition (EFR). In this study, the authors investigate EFR in children and teenagers, and look at whether accurate emotional recognition does occur more in males or females.

In this study, the authors hypothesized that the unique redox properties of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄), combined with the conductive nature of the nickel foam (NF) substrate, synergistically enhances the catalytic performance for furfural oxidation. The study showed successful synthesis of Co₃O₄ nanoflowers directly grown on NF and tested their capacity to serve as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for furfural oxidation. Beyond furfural oxidation, this study also offers broader implications for sustainable chemistry by establishing design principles for efficient nucleophilic oxidation reaction catalysts, demonstrating an energy-saving alternative to conventional oxygen evolution reaction-coupled processes, and showcasing how biomass conversion can be integrated with renewable energy systems.

The authors studied the chemoreception of moon jellyfish in response to food, and developed an AI tool to identify track and quantify the pulsation of swimming jellyfish.